Uses of Ivermectin

Ivermectin is an antiparasitic medication used for both humans and animals. Its uses include:

In Humans

  1. Parasitic Infections:
    • Onchocerciasis (River Blindness): Caused by the Onchocerca volvulus parasite.
    • Strongyloidiasis: Infection with Strongyloides stercoralis, a type of roundworm.
    • Scabies: A skin condition caused by mites (Sarcoptes scabiei).
    • Head Lice: As an alternative when first-line treatments fail.
    • Lymphatic Filariasis: To reduce transmission in certain regions.
    • Other Helminth Infections: Such as ascariasis and trichuriasis.
  2. Off-Label Uses:
    • Rosacea (Subtype 2): As a topical treatment for inflammatory lesions and pustules.

In Animals

  • Prevention and treatment of heartworm in dogs.
  • Treatment of gastrointestinal worms, lungworms, and ectoparasites in livestock.

Precautions

General Precautions

  1. Allergies:
    • Inform your doctor if you have allergies to ivermectin or any components of its formulation.
  2. Medical Conditions:
    • Pre-existing liver diseases may require caution.
    • Neurological conditions (e.g., meningitis) can increase risks of side effects.
  3. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding:
    • Use with caution during pregnancy; consult a healthcare provider.
    • May pass into breast milk, so caution is advised when nursing.
  4. Age Restrictions:
    • Not typically recommended for children under 15 kg (33 lbs) unless prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Drug Interactions

  • CYP450 Enzyme Metabolism: Medications that affect this enzyme system (e.g., certain antifungals or antibiotics) can alter ivermectin levels in the body.
  • Concurrent use with sedatives or alcohol can enhance side effects like dizziness.

Administration Precautions

  1. Dosage:
    • Follow the prescribed dose precisely. Overdose can lead to severe side effects, including neurotoxicity.
    • Taken on an empty stomach with water unless otherwise directed.
  2. Monitoring:
    • Infections like onchocerciasis may cause a severe inflammatory reaction (Mazzotti reaction). Close monitoring is needed in these cases.

Side Effects

  • Common:
    • Nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, and fatigue.
  • Serious:
    • Neurological symptoms such as confusion, seizures, or ataxia.
    • Severe skin reactions (e.g., rash, itching, or swelling).

If unusual symptoms occur, seek medical attention promptly. Always use ivermectin under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

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